diff --git a/tests/e2e/test-utils.ts b/tests/e2e/test-utils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42559ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/test-utils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Optimized test utilities to reduce duplication
+import { Page } from '@playwright/test';
+
+export class TestUtils {
+  static async loginAsAdmin(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.fill('input[type="email"]', 'admin@localhost');
+    await page.fill('input[type="password"]', 'admin123!');
+    await page.click('button[type="submit"]');
+    await page.waitForSelector('h1:has-text("Medication Reminder")');
+  }
+
+  static async loginAsUser(
+    page: Page,
+    email: string = 'testuser@example.com',
+    password: string = 'TestPassword123!'
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.fill('input[type="email"]', email);
+    await page.fill('input[type="password"]', password);
+    await page.click('button[type="submit"]');
+    await page.waitForSelector('h1:has-text("Medication Reminder")');
+  }
+
+  static async waitForApp(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+    await page.waitForSelector('h1:has-text("Medication Reminder")');
+  }
+
+  static async openModal(page: Page, buttonText: string): Promise<void> {
+    await page.click(`button:has-text("${buttonText}")`);
+  }
+
+  static async closeModal(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+    await page.click('button:has-text("Close")');
+  }
+}