rxminder/KUSTOMIZE_MIGRATION.md

Kustomize Migration Complete! 🎉

Migration Summary

The rxminder application has been successfully migrated from shell script-based Kubernetes deployments to Kustomize, providing a more maintainable, scalable, and GitOps-ready deployment strategy.

What Was Accomplished

✅ 1. Complete Base Resources

• ✅ Converted all template files to base Kustomize resources
• ✅ Created frontend-deployment.yaml, frontend-service.yaml
• ✅ Created couchdb-statefulset.yaml, couchdb-service.yaml, couchdb-pvc.yaml
• ✅ Created ingress.yaml, network-policy.yaml, hpa.yaml, db-seed-job.yaml
• ✅ Removed template variables and used Kustomize's generators
• ✅ Set up ConfigMap generation from config.env
• ✅ Configured Secret generation for CouchDB credentials

✅ 2. Environment Overlays

• ✅ Development Overlay: Optimized for local development
  • Namespace: rxminder-dev
  • Minimal resources (16Mi-32Mi memory)
  • Debug logging enabled
  • Weak passwords for development
  • Single replica for resource conservation
• ✅ Production Overlay: Enterprise-ready configuration
  • Namespace: rxminder-prod
  • Production resources (256Mi-512Mi memory)
  • Security hardening (security contexts, network policies)
  • TLS/HTTPS enabled
  • High availability (3 frontend replicas)
  • Production storage (10Gi SSD)
  • Monitoring and alerting enabled

✅ 3. Updated Makefile

• ✅ Added comprehensive Kustomize targets
• ✅ Maintained backward compatibility with legacy shell scripts
• ✅ Created convenient aliases for quick deployment
• ✅ Added validation and debugging commands

✅ 4. Documentation

• ✅ Comprehensive k8s-kustomize/README.md
• ✅ Migration guide and troubleshooting
• ✅ Best practices and security considerations

Key Benefits Achieved

🚀 Simplified Deployment

# Before (shell scripts with variable substitution)
APP_NAME=rxminder NAMESPACE=production ./scripts/deploy.sh

# After (Kustomize)
make deploy-prod
# or
kubectl apply -k k8s-kustomize/overlays/prod

🔒 Environment Isolation

• Clear separation between dev, staging, and production
• Namespace isolation prevents cross-environment contamination
• Environment-specific configurations without duplication

🔧 GitOps Ready

• ArgoCD/Flux compatible out of the box
• Declarative configuration with no templating complexity
• Git-based workflow for deployment automation

✅ Better Validation

• Built-in YAML validation catches errors early
• Dry-run capabilities for safe deployments
• Configuration drift detection

📈 Standard Approach

• Kubernetes-native solution (no external dependencies)
• Industry standard approach
• Better team onboarding with familiar tooling

Available Commands

Quick Start Commands

# Development
make deploy-dev              # Deploy to development
make quick-deploy-dev        # Build and deploy to development
make status-dev             # Check development status

# Production
make deploy-prod            # Deploy to production
make quick-deploy-prod      # Build and deploy to production
make status-prod            # Check production status

Validation & Debugging

make validate-kustomize     # Validate all configurations
make kustomize-dry-run-dev  # Test development deployment
make kustomize-diff-prod    # Show production differences
make kustomize-build-dev    # Build development manifests

Legacy Support (Still Available)

make deploy-dev            # Deploy to development environment
make deploy-prod           # Deploy to production environment
make undeploy-dev          # Remove development deployment
make undeploy-prod         # Remove production deployment

Directory Structure

k8s-kustomize/
├── base/                          # Shared base configuration
│   ├── kustomization.yaml         # Base kustomization
│   ├── config.env                 # Environment variables
│   ├── frontend-deployment.yaml   # Frontend workload
│   ├── couchdb-statefulset.yaml   # Database workload
│   ├── *-service.yaml             # Services
│   ├── ingress.yaml               # Ingress configuration
│   ├── network-policy.yaml        # Security policies
│   └── ...                        # Other resources
├── overlays/
│   ├── dev/                       # Development environment
│   │   └── kustomization.yaml     # Dev customizations
│   └── prod/                      # Production environment
│       ├── kustomization.yaml     # Prod customizations
│       ├── frontend-resources.yaml # Prod frontend config
│       ├── couchdb-resources.yaml # Prod database config
│       └── ingress-prod.yaml      # Prod ingress config
└── README.md                      # Comprehensive documentation

Security Enhancements

Production Security Features

• ✅ Security contexts: Non-root containers, read-only filesystems
• ✅ Network policies: Restricted pod-to-pod communication
• ✅ Resource limits: Prevent resource exhaustion attacks
• ✅ TLS encryption: HTTPS with cert-manager integration
• ✅ RBAC ready: Role-based access control compatible
• ✅ Secret management: External secret store integration points

Development Security

• ✅ Namespace isolation: Separated from production
• ✅ Weak credentials: Safe for development environment
• ✅ Relaxed policies: Optimized for developer productivity

Next Steps & Recommendations

Immediate Actions (Week 1)

1. Test deployments in development environment
2. Validate configuration with your team
3. Update CI/CD pipelines to use Kustomize commands
4. Train team members on new deployment process

Short-term Goals (Month 1)

1. Production deployment: Schedule maintenance window
2. Secret management: Implement external secret store
   • Consider: External Secrets Operator, HashiCorp Vault, or cloud-native solutions
3. Monitoring integration: Connect with your monitoring stack
4. Documentation updates: Update runbooks and procedures

Long-term Goals (Quarter 1)

1. GitOps implementation: Set up ArgoCD or Flux
2. Multi-environment: Add staging environment overlay
3. Advanced features: Implement blue-green or canary deployments
4. Cleanup: Remove legacy shell scripts after validation

Adding New Environments

To add a staging environment:

# 1. Create staging overlay
mkdir -p k8s-kustomize/overlays/staging

# 2. Create staging kustomization.yaml
cat > k8s-kustomize/overlays/staging/kustomization.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: kustomize.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Kustomization

resources:
  - ../../base

namespace: rxminder-staging

labels:
  - pairs:
      environment: staging

images:
  - name: gitea-http.taildb3494.ts.net/will/rxminder
    newTag: staging
EOF

# 3. Add Makefile targets
# Add to Makefile:
# deploy-staging: kustomize-deploy-staging
# kustomize-deploy-staging:
#   kubectl apply -k k8s-kustomize/overlays/staging

Migration Path Options

Option 1: Gradual Migration (Recommended)

1. ✅ Development first: Already completed and tested
2. Staging next: Validate with staging workloads
3. Production last: Schedule maintenance window for production migration

Option 2: Parallel Running

1. Keep both systems: Run legacy and Kustomize side-by-side
2. Test extensively: Validate Kustomize deployments
3. Switch over: Move traffic from legacy to Kustomize deployments

Option 3: Feature Flag Approach

1. Environment variable: Control deployment method via feature flag
2. Gradual rollout: Enable Kustomize for percentage of deployments
3. Full migration: Switch to 100% Kustomize when validated

Rollback Plan

If issues arise, legacy deployment is still available:

# Emergency rollback procedures
make undeploy-dev           # Remove development deployment
make undeploy-prod          # Remove production deployment
# Then redeploy using current configurations

Validation Checklist

Before production migration:

• Development deployment working correctly
• All services accessible and functional
• Database persistence working
• Ingress and networking functional
• Resource limits appropriate
• Security policies working
• Monitoring and logging operational
• Team trained on new commands
• CI/CD updated
• Rollback plan tested

Success Metrics

Track these metrics to validate the migration success:

• Deployment time: Should be faster and more reliable
• Error rate: Fewer deployment failures
• Time to recovery: Faster rollbacks and fixes
• Team productivity: Easier environment management
• Configuration drift: Better consistency across environments

Support & Resources

• Documentation: k8s-kustomize/README.md
• Troubleshooting: Check events and logs with provided commands
• Validation: Use make validate-kustomize for configuration checks
• Testing: Use dry-run commands before actual deployments

Conclusion

The Kustomize migration provides a robust foundation for scaling your Kubernetes deployments. The new system offers:

• Maintainability: Clear separation of concerns
• Scalability: Easy to add new environments
• Security: Production-grade security configurations
• Reliability: Better validation and error handling
• Team Efficiency: Standardized, well-documented processes

The legacy shell script approach is still available as a fallback, ensuring zero downtime during the migration period. Take your time to validate the new system thoroughly before fully committing to the migration.

Happy deploying! 🚀

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This migration was completed on $(date). For questions or issues, refer to the troubleshooting section in the README or consult your team's Kubernetes documentation.